Cross Cultural Understanding (1)

Reading Comprehension
Eye Contact
In many Western societies, including the United States, a person who does not maintain "good eye contact" is regarded as being slightly suspicious, or a "shifty" char-acter. Americans unconsciously associate people who avoid eye contact as unfriend-ly, insecure, untrustworthy, inattentive and impersonal. However, in contrast, Japa-nese children are taught in school to direct their gaze at the region of their Teacher's Adam's Apple or tie knot, and, as adults, Japanese lower their eyes when speaking to a superior, a gesture of respect.
Latin American Cultures, as well as some African cultures, such as Nigeria, have longer looking time, but prolonged eye contact form an individual of lower sta- tus is considered disrespectful. In the US, it is considered rude to stare - regardless of who is looking at with whom. In contrast, the polite Englishman is taught to pay strict attention to a speaker, to listen carefully, and to blink his eyes to let the speaker know he or she has been understood as well as heard. Americans signal interest and comprehension by bobbing their heads or grunting.
A widening of the eyes can also be interpreted differently, depending on cir- cumstances and culture. Take, for instance, the case of an American and Chinese discussing the terms of a proposed contract. Regardless of the language in which the proposed contract is carried out, the US negotiator may interpret a Chinese per-son's widened eyes as an expression of astonishment instead of as a danger signal (its true meaning) of politely expressed anger.