Could (Do) And Could Have (Done)
COULD (DO) AND COULD HAVE (DONE)
Talk about abilities and possibilities
Warm-up
Talk about these questions with your teacher.
선생님과 이야기해 보세요.
- What historical event do you think changed the world the most?
세상을 가장 많이 바꾼 역사적 사건은 무엇이라고 생각하시나요? - How do you think the world will be different in 50 years?
50년 후 세계가 어떻게 달라져 있을 것이라고 생각하시나요?
Vocabulary
Listen and repeat after your teacher.
선생님을 따라 읽어보세요.
Reading
Read the passage with your teacher.
선생님과 함께 지문을 읽어보세요.
A. We use could in a number of ways. Sometimes could is the past of can.Listen. I can hear something. (now)
I listened. I could hear something. (past)
But could is not only used in this way. We also use could in the future (especially to make a
suggestion).For example:
A: What shall we do this evening?
B: We could go to the cinema.
It's a nice day. We could go for a walk.
When you go to New York next month, you could stay with Barbara.
A: If you need money, why don't you ask Karen?
B: Yes, I suppose I could.Can is also possible in these sentences ('We can go for a walk,' etc.). Could is less
sure than can. You must use could (not 'can') when you don't really mean what you
say. For example:
I'm so angry with him. I could kill him! (not 'I can kill him')B. We also use could to say that something is possible now or in the future:
The phone is ringing. It could be Tim.
I don't know when they'll be here. They could arrive at any time.Can is not possible in these examples (not 'It can be Tim')In these sentences could is similar to might :
The phone is ringing. It might be Tim.C. Compare could (do) and could have (done):
I'm so tired. I could sleep for a week. (now)
I was so tired. I could have slept for a week. (past)Most often, we use could have (done) for things which were possible but did not
happen:
Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? You could have stayed with
Barbara. (= you had opportunity to stay with her but you didn't)
Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he's all right. He's lucky! He could have hurt
himself badly. (but he didn't hurt himself)
The situation was bad but it could have been worse.D. Sometimes could means 'would be able to...':
We could go away if we had enough money.(= we would be able to go away)
I don't know how you work so hard. I couldn't do it.Could have (done) = would have been able to (do):
Why didn't Liz apply for the job? She could have got it.
We could have gone away if we'd had enough money.
The trip was cancelled last week. Paul couldn't have gone anyway because he
was ill. (= he wouldn't have been able to go)
You did very well to pass the exam. I'm sure I couldn't have passed it. (= I
wouldn't have been able to pass it if I had taken it)
Dialogue Practice
Practice the dialogue with your teacher.
선생님과 대화를 연습해 보세요.
Chris: Hello, Julia! Your mom told me you just had you vacation last week in Tuscany. How was it?
Julia: It's great. The first time I visited Tuscany, it captivated me so much I could have stayed there and never came back. I was especially drawn to the countryside where the sunshine bounces off the wide sunflower fields and the quaint little cottages that were scattered thoughout. The glade was so golden in summer you could have thought it was made of gold! The people were nice and friendly. I could never have had a greater time staying with them.Chris: Wow, that's fantastic! Sounds like you went to a beautiful vacation.Julia: Yes, I did. The scenery was fabulous, I could have stayed outside for the whole day.Chris: How I wish I could have chosen Tuscany to spend my vacation last summer.Julia: Don't worry, Chris... we still have Christmas vacation. We could go there together and enjoy camping.
Comprehension Check
Answer the questions about what you read.
읽은 내용에 대한 질문에 답해 보세요.
Exercise 1: Answer the questions with a suggestion. Use could.
1. What shall we have for dinner tonight?(fish) We _______________
2. What shall I give Ann for her birthday?(a book) You ______________
3. When shall I phone Angela?(now) ____________________
4. When shall we go and see Tom?(on Friday) ____________________
5. Where shall we hang this picture?(in the kitchen) __________________Exercise 2:Put in can or could. Sometimes, either word is possible.
1. I'm really hungry. I _____________ eat a horse!
2. If you're very hungry, we ____________ have dinner now.
3. It's so nice here. I ________ stay here all day but unfortunately I have to go.
4. 'I can't find my bag. Have you seen it?' 'No, but it __________ be in the car.'
5. Peter is a keen musician. He plays the flute and he _________ also play the piano.
Korean Trap! / 한국인 실수 교정
Common mistakes Korean speakers make.
한국인이 자주 하는 실수를 알아봅시다.
"angry"는 "with"와 함께 씁니다. "angry at someone" 또는 "angry with someone".
Discussion
Share your thoughts with your teacher.
선생님과 의견을 나눠보세요.
- Which 20th century event do you think had the biggest impact on the world?
20세기 사건 중 세계에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 것은 무엇이라고 생각하시나요? - What future invention do you hope will become reality?
현실이 되기를 바라는 미래의 발명품은 무엇인가요? - Do you think the world has become more peaceful since the end of the Cold War?
냉전 종식 이후 세계가 더 평화로워졌다고 생각하시나요? - How do you think life in Korea will change in the next 30 years?
앞으로 30년 후 한국의 생활이 어떻게 변할 것이라고 생각하시나요?
Lesson Summary / 수업 요약
Today's Topic: COULD (DO) AND COULD HAVE (DONE)
Level: Pre-Intermediate (P.I)
Review this lesson before your next class! / 다음 수업 전에 복습하세요!